The effect of illumination on gray color

The present study explored the perceptual process of integration of luminance information in the production of the gray color of an object placed in an environment viewed from a window. The mean luminance of the object was varied for each mean luminance of the environment. Participants matched the gray color of the object with that of Munsell chips in a viewing box. The results show that the Munsell values so obtained are linear measures of gray color. The results support the possibility that the gray color of the object derives from an additive integration of the information about mean luminance of the object and about mean luminance of the environment, with the weights of this information varying with the mean luminances(AU)

[Modern diagnostics of vestibular dysfunction].

Based on the data of anatomy and physiology of vestibular apparatus, authors reviewed methods of assessment of its functional state, theoretical and practical aspects of their strength and limitations. A special attention is drawn to current approaches to investigation of vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) in different pathologies. The authors emphasized that the diagnostics of vestibular dysfunction should be based on a battery of tests. Both traditional and new methodologies should be used.

Locating basic Spanish colour categories in CIE L*u*v* space: Identification, lightness segregation and correspondence with English equivalents

Se realizaron cinco experimentos para identificar las categorías cromáticas básicas (CCB) del español y ubicarlas en el espacio CIE L*u*v*. Empleando una tarea de listas elicitadas y otra de denominación monolexémica libre, se confirmó la existencia de 11 CCB. Mediante una tarea de estimación de sinonimia, se concluyó que, en español, se emplean 2 términos sinónimos (morado y violeta) para denominar una categoría equivalente a la inglesa purple. Tres experimentos proporcionaron información acerca de la localización colorimétrica de las 11 CCB del español. Dos emplearon tareas de denominación monolexémica (libre y restringida) y el tercero requirió la señalización de prototipos y de buenos ejemplares. Se observó que las CCB del español y del inglés son esencialmente equivalentes en número y delimitación colorimétrica, por lo puede considerarse que nuestro trabajo extiende y complementa la investigación previa (sobre CCB inglesas) en lo referente a la localización de las categorías acromáticas en el espacio de color, los vínculos entre categorías cromáticas y acromáticas (ni rojo ni naranja tienen vínculos directos con las categorías acromáticas), y la dependencia de la claridad que muestra el uso de las CCB. Por último, destaca la existencia de 2 categorías próximas a ser básicas: beige y granate(AU)

Five experiments were performed to identify the basic Spanish colour categories (BCCs) and to locate them in the CIE L*u*v* space. The existence of 11 BCCs was confirmed using an elicited list task and a free monolexemic naming task. From the results provided by a synonymicity estimation task, it was concluded that, in Spanish, 2 synonymous terms (morado and violeta) are used to name a category equivalent to the English category purple. Three experiments provided information about the colourimetric localization of the 11 Spanish BCCs. Two experiments used monolexemic naming tasks (free and restricted) and a third required the free signalling of prototypes and good exemplars. It was observed that Spanish and British BCCs are essentially equivalents in number and colourimetric delimitation and, therefore, our work can be considered to extend and complement previous research (on English BCCs) insofar as achromatic categories in colour space localization, the links between chromatic and achromatic categories (red and orange have no direct links with achromatic categories), and the dependence of the use of BCCs on lightness are concerned. Lastly, our results indicate the existence of 2 categories that are nearly basic: beige and garnet(AU)